Dear National Abstinence Education Association,
Hello, I am a junior at Eckerd College. I was recently assigned to write a research paper on a subject that interested us. Over the last several years, sexuality within the American society has been of much interest to me. I decided to focus on comprehensive sexual education compared to abstinence-only.
After much of my research I was shocked to find how naïve our country is as a whole. For some it is by choice. They want to continue to live in the dark ages, instead of coming to realization that the culture we live in now is changing. For those who follow the conservative views, it might just be easier to be told what to do, instead of really going one step further to understand the importance of sexual education.
As a college student, especially living in environment where sex is available, I know sex happens! However, , many times they do not fully understand that their actions will have consequences. Students taught abstinence-only are “one-third less likely then non-pledgers to use contraception when becoming sexually active and they have the same rate as STDs as non pledgers.”(Klein 17) This study leads me question, might it just be better to give youth the information so they can at least choose to make good decisions instead of taking the risks.
I believe that everyone should be allowed to make their own decisions; unfortunately too many times those who are par-taking in sexual activities do not fully understand the consequences. I believe knowledge is power. This leads me to assume that younger adolescents and preteens know even less, which is a very scary idea.
Would the NAEA every think to look into abstinence-plus sexual education program? I think in the end it would be much more beneficial to least give out the knowledge now, instead of down the line having the adolescents stuck with a disease or unwanted pregnancy, when all of it could have been prevented.
If there are any pamphlets or other information that could help me understand why the NAEA would not choose to go to an abstinence-plus program I would truly appreciate it. I would love the opportunity to open my horizons and help make a change.
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely
Friday, November 30, 2007
Letter to Advocates
Dear Advocates of Youth,
Hello, I am a junior at Eckerd College. I was recently assigned to write a research paper on a subject that interested us. Over the last several years, sexuality within the American society has been of much interest to me. I decided to focus on comprehensive sexual education compared to abstinence-only.
After much of my research I was shocked to find how naïve our country is as a whole. For some it is by choice. They want to continue to live in the dark ages, instead of coming to realization that the culture we live in now is changing. For those who follow the conservative views, it might just be easier to be told what to do, instead of really going one step further to understand the importance of sexual education.
As a college student, especially living in environment where sex is available, I know sex happens! I believe that everyone should be allowed to make their own decisions; unfortunately too many times those who are partaking in sexual activities do not fully understand the consequences. I believe knowledge is power. This leads me to assume that younger adolescents and preteens know even less, which is a very scary idea. Especially within my own school district we had an outbreak of gonorrhea at my middle school. That is why so many times it is shocking to find out how little young adults know.
I think Advocates does a great job of providing information, and it shows how important understanding can lead to the delay of sexual activity. I was shocked to look at all the information you offer on your site.
What I want to know is how I can make the importance of sexual education known? I wanted to know what your site is doing to get their message out? depends on, word of mouth? How can I as a young adult make knowledge available to help those who are younger than me? Is there anything can be done within my own school system? Also, do you think with the elections coming up soon there might be more opportunities for change, especially within the public school systems?
I truly support what the Advocates of Youth is doing. I think it is so important to show people; especially the new generations how important it is to take of ones self, spirit, body and mind.
If there are any pamphlets or other information that could help me I would truly appreciate it. I would love the opportunity to open my horizons and help make a change.
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely
Hello, I am a junior at Eckerd College. I was recently assigned to write a research paper on a subject that interested us. Over the last several years, sexuality within the American society has been of much interest to me. I decided to focus on comprehensive sexual education compared to abstinence-only.
After much of my research I was shocked to find how naïve our country is as a whole. For some it is by choice. They want to continue to live in the dark ages, instead of coming to realization that the culture we live in now is changing. For those who follow the conservative views, it might just be easier to be told what to do, instead of really going one step further to understand the importance of sexual education.
As a college student, especially living in environment where sex is available, I know sex happens! I believe that everyone should be allowed to make their own decisions; unfortunately too many times those who are partaking in sexual activities do not fully understand the consequences. I believe knowledge is power. This leads me to assume that younger adolescents and preteens know even less, which is a very scary idea. Especially within my own school district we had an outbreak of gonorrhea at my middle school. That is why so many times it is shocking to find out how little young adults know.
I think Advocates does a great job of providing information, and it shows how important understanding can lead to the delay of sexual activity. I was shocked to look at all the information you offer on your site.
What I want to know is how I can make the importance of sexual education known? I wanted to know what your site is doing to get their message out? depends on, word of mouth? How can I as a young adult make knowledge available to help those who are younger than me? Is there anything can be done within my own school system? Also, do you think with the elections coming up soon there might be more opportunities for change, especially within the public school systems?
I truly support what the Advocates of Youth is doing. I think it is so important to show people; especially the new generations how important it is to take of ones self, spirit, body and mind.
If there are any pamphlets or other information that could help me I would truly appreciate it. I would love the opportunity to open my horizons and help make a change.
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely
Letter to SIECUS
Dear Sexuality Information and Education council of the United States,
Hello, I am a junior at Eckerd College. I was recently assigned to write a research paper on a subject that interested us. Over the last several years, sexuality within the American society has been of much interest to me. I decided to focus on comprehensive sexual education compared to abstinence-only.
After much of my research I was shocked to find how naïve our country is as a whole. For some it is by choice. They want to continue to live in the dark ages, instead of coming to realization that the culture we live in now is changing. For those who follow the conservative views, it might just be easier to be told what to do, instead of really going one step further to understand the importance of sexual education.
As a college student, especially living in environment where sex is available, I know sex happens! I believe that everyone should be allowed to make their own decisions; unfortunately too many times those who are partaking in sexual activities do not fully understand the consequences. I believe knowledge is power. This leads me to assume that younger adolescents and preteens know even less, which is a very scary idea. Especially within my own school district we had an outbreak of gonorrhea at my middle school. That is why so many times it is shocking to find out how little young adult know. Your guidelines for education from K-12 seem to have a wonderful way of teaching to appropriate ages. I do not think enough people understand that comprehensive sexual education is not going to teach the same thing to all ages.
What I want to know is how I can make the importance of sexual education known? How can I as a young adult make knowledge available to help those who are younger than me? Is there anything can be done within my own school system? Also, do you think with the elections coming up soon there might be more opportunities for change, especially within the public school systems?
I truly support what the SIECUS is doing. I think it is so important to show people; especially the new generations how important it is to take of ones self, spirit, body and mind.
If there are any pamphlets or other information that could help me I would truly appreciate it. I would love the opportunity to open my horizons and help make a change.
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely
Hello, I am a junior at Eckerd College. I was recently assigned to write a research paper on a subject that interested us. Over the last several years, sexuality within the American society has been of much interest to me. I decided to focus on comprehensive sexual education compared to abstinence-only.
After much of my research I was shocked to find how naïve our country is as a whole. For some it is by choice. They want to continue to live in the dark ages, instead of coming to realization that the culture we live in now is changing. For those who follow the conservative views, it might just be easier to be told what to do, instead of really going one step further to understand the importance of sexual education.
As a college student, especially living in environment where sex is available, I know sex happens! I believe that everyone should be allowed to make their own decisions; unfortunately too many times those who are partaking in sexual activities do not fully understand the consequences. I believe knowledge is power. This leads me to assume that younger adolescents and preteens know even less, which is a very scary idea. Especially within my own school district we had an outbreak of gonorrhea at my middle school. That is why so many times it is shocking to find out how little young adult know. Your guidelines for education from K-12 seem to have a wonderful way of teaching to appropriate ages. I do not think enough people understand that comprehensive sexual education is not going to teach the same thing to all ages.
What I want to know is how I can make the importance of sexual education known? How can I as a young adult make knowledge available to help those who are younger than me? Is there anything can be done within my own school system? Also, do you think with the elections coming up soon there might be more opportunities for change, especially within the public school systems?
I truly support what the SIECUS is doing. I think it is so important to show people; especially the new generations how important it is to take of ones self, spirit, body and mind.
If there are any pamphlets or other information that could help me I would truly appreciate it. I would love the opportunity to open my horizons and help make a change.
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely
Monday, November 19, 2007
Contacts
Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States
SIECUS NY Office
130 West 42nd Street, Suite 350
New York, NY 10036-7802
Advocates for Youth
2000 M Street NW, Suite 750
Washinton, DC 20036
videos on sex. ed.
http://www.teachers.tv/video/browser/856
National Abstinence Education Association
1701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Suite 300
Washington, DC 20006
SIECUS NY Office
130 West 42nd Street, Suite 350
New York, NY 10036-7802
Advocates for Youth
2000 M Street NW, Suite 750
Washinton, DC 20036
videos on sex. ed.
http://www.teachers.tv/video/browser/856
National Abstinence Education Association
1701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Suite 300
Washington, DC 20006
Comprehensive Sexual Education: Is it the Right Choice?
The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of healthy sexual development to overall mental and physical well-being [of young people] (Shtarkshall). However, a report issued by Congressman Henry Waxman states that “80% of the abstinence-only education curricula used by 2/3 of [federally funded programs] contain false, misleading, or distorted information about reproduction health.”(Klein 18) Comprehensive-sex education is vital in educating as well as preventing the youth of America from contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and unwanted pregnancies. It does so by giving the facts. Comprehensive sexual education should be required in all public school systems.
Shtarkshall states, “education is an intentional, structured process to impart knowledge and skills and to influence an individual’s developmental course.” Comprehensive-sex education teaches contraceptive methods, from condoms to birth control and abstinence. “ [Sex education] encourages students to delay having sex but also teaches them about human development, birth control, pregnancy, STD prevention, intimacy and sexual pleasure”( Williams 112) By understanding the facts, school aged children to high school adolescents are able to make better decisions when it comes to sex and their bodies. These facts are much like the tools a teacher gives his or her students when the student is learning how to write. Students are taught the right way to use commas and periods and then students are left on their own to write a well structured sentence. Comprehensive sexual education embodies similar ideologies; if commas and sentence structure can be taught and used, so can knowledge about condoms and sexually transmitted diseases. Once they have the knowledge and tools they are able to make better decisions.
In contrast, abstinence only programs promote one way; abstinence before marriage is the only sure “way to avoid unwanted pregnancy, STDs, and various emotional problems relation to premature sexual activity”. (Williams 122) The federal definition for abstinence-only programs goes as far as to say the program is meant to teach school-aged children that sexual activity outside the context of marriage is likely to have harmful psychological and physical effects (Williams 124). Abstinence-only supporters are not supporting the growth or understanding of the maturing teenagers, instead they just scaring them, by leaving certain facts on and highlighting the negatives. Klein argues that “They want kids to fear something seductive that leads to shame, pain and a ruined future”. (8) One example of this lack of information comes through a public-school-aired video entitled No Second Chance. A student asks the nurse: “What if I want to have sex before I get married? Her response “I guess you just have to be prepared to die…and take your spouse and one or more of your children with you.” (Williams 118) The video is a discouraging message telling students to stay away from sex because they will die. The message not only threatens death but is misleading in facts. The video does not teach anything of educational value except fear and misconceptions about sex. The information given in the video and other abstinence-only teaching is distorted information that leaves out facts and in the end is not helping students to make educated decisions.
Comprehensive sex education leaves out judgments and makes a point to embrace sexuality and open the doors to knowledge. Dr. Kate Worsley, of Marie Stopes International complains of the “the focus of judgment” in abstinence only programs (O’Keeffe). This may cause students to be unwilling to talk freely or learn facts without feeling guilt or being ashamed of their sexual interests. Thus, students may be afraid to learn about information that could protect them. The Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) believes “emphasis should be placed on informed decision-making about intercourse by acknowledging-not condemning- the broad range of adolescent behaviors.” (Williams 119) SIECUS also stress the fact that if sex-education with age appropriate lessons was taught all through grade school and continued into high school, sexual knowledge could become part of our repertoire. Sexuality would no longer separate from some thing like a shoulder or knee (Williams 119-120). By incorporating sex into every day life, the taboo of sex is removed. Children would no longer feel shame or guilt when they think about themselves as sexual beings. Instead, students would see sex and their sexuality as a natural part of life. The goal of comprehensive sexual education is not only to understand the sexual part of one’s self but to understand that actions their actions have effects. They can take steps to responsible to themselves as well as others.
In comparison, Abstinence-only depends on guilt, fear and misunderstanding as the way to prevent sex. By skewing the information, supporters hope that students will be fearful enough to stay away from “temptation”. The federal definition of abstinence only programs given by Klein states that “if any contraceptive method is discussed, its “failure rate” must be mentioned, not its “success rate” The only exception is the failure rate of abstinence, which is never discussed.” (9) The government’s regulation of what is accepted material, does not give a fair representation of contraceptives. As a result, contraceptives are looked at in a judgmental fashion, and the program sends the message that contraceptives do not work. in consequence, students taught abstinence-only are “one-third less likely then non-pledgers to use contraception when becoming sexually active and they have the same rate as STDs as non pledgers.”(Klein 17) This report implies that students who lack knowledge and who are not being given the proper information have been put in more danger. Therefore, it is very important that all students are given a chance to understand and know their options before they take part in an activity that could have life changing consequences.
There are many arguments for abstinence-only education nevertheless, Forrest claims the only “research that is available currently shows at best mixed outcomes for abstinence-based approaches to sex education, benefiting some young people in the short term but placing them at greater risks later.” Thus, abstinence only education is unsubstantiated. Yet, comprehensive sex-education “research clearly demonstrates that some comprehensive sex education programs can achieve positive behavioral changes among young people and reduce STIs”(Forrest) O’Keeffe gives one example of a “comprehensive sex education curriculum used in New Haven, Connecticut where classes were run by peer trained educators, and without adults present. Within a seven year period teenage pregnancy rates plummeted.” Much to the dismay of abstinence advocates, “sex and HIV education programs do not increase sexual activity, nor do they increase the number of sexual partners.” (Collins 9) This is one main concern for the abstinence-only advocates: the belief that sex education would increase the number of sexual partners, they also believe that “when people are less afraid of sex, they have it more, and people need to understand that their actions have consequences” (Klein 30) However studies have proven they have done the exact opposite. “The programs have actually have been proven to impede the onset of diseases as well as reduce the amount of sexual partners” (Collins 9). Many of the arguments given by abstinence-only supports have been unsupported, and the fact is that; the more education given to students, the greater the chances of them making informed responsible decisions.
In rebuff to the idea that education is beneficial in helping students to understand and make better informed decisions, the abstinence only supporters argue that “giving teenagers access to contraceptives will reduce their fear of pregnancy and STDs enough so they’ll begin to have sex or choose to have more sex.”(Klein 33) The belief that with greater knowledge comes greater abuse is a central theme among most supporters. Abstinence only education is in the interests of the children, shielding them from “hurt, betrayal, anxiety, self-deception, fear, suspicion, anger, confusion and the horror of being use.”(Williams 71) Children are being shielded from all the negative things associated with sexuality. Abstinence teachings have many roots within religious groups, especially Christian faiths, they want to give their children moral values encouraging that “virgin sexuality has extraordinary and unusual power…it is sexuality dedicated to hope, to the future, to marital love, to children and to God.”(Williams 73) Thus, waiting for marriage is the only option, because “A virgin is perfectly unpossessable… it is precisely her unattainably that increases her desirability.” (Williams 73) Being a virgin will increase a woman’s attractiveness and save her from pain. In contrast though, women who have decided to become lesbians “attempted to claim this independence from men…but it is just another, perhaps deeper, rejection of their femaleness, drowning womanhood in a sea of sameness…loses any concept of what makes female feminine.” (Williams 73) Lesbians lose their femininity when they reject men and engage in same sex relations. By preventing children from gaining knowledge, abstinence only educators are protecting their children from pain and making them more desirable to men, while maintaining the religious beliefs at the same time.
Comprehensive sexual education is very important in helping to educate and protect the generations of adolescents now and in the future. By brining sexual education into the class room, sexuality will no longer be taboo, nor will it be feared. Comprehensive sexual education aims at providing the facts needed to make an educated decision as well as understanding the consequences for those decisions.
Works Cited
Collins, Chris, Priya J. Alagiri, and Todd Summers. Abstinence Only Vs.Comprehensive Sex Education:What are the Arguments?What is the Evidence? University of California, San Francisco. San Fancisco: Policy Monograph Series. 1-32. 9 Nov. 2007
Forrest, Simon. "Abstinence, Sex Education and HIV Prevention." Avert. 24 Oct. 2007. 9 Nov. 2007.
Klein, Marty. America’s War on Sex: The Attack on Law, Lust and Liberty.Westport: Praeger, 2006.
O’keeffe, Alice. “Teenage Sex: Don’t Scuff at Abstinence: We Pride Ourselves on Our Openness, but We Aren’t Open About the Dangers of Early Sexual Experience: Diseases That Even Condoms Don’t Prevent.” New Statesmen (2003): 26-28.
Shtarkshall, Ronny A., John S. Santelli and Jennifer S. Hirsch. “Sex Education and Sexual Socialization: Roles for Educators and Parents.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 39.2 (2007): 116-129.
Williams, Mary E. ed. Opposing Viewpoints: Sex. California: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of healthy sexual development to overall mental and physical well-being [of young people] (Shtarkshall). However, a report issued by Congressman Henry Waxman states that “80% of the abstinence-only education curricula used by 2/3 of [federally funded programs] contain false, misleading, or distorted information about reproduction health.”(Klein 18) Comprehensive-sex education is vital in educating as well as preventing the youth of America from contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and unwanted pregnancies. It does so by giving the facts. Comprehensive sexual education should be required in all public school systems.
Shtarkshall states, “education is an intentional, structured process to impart knowledge and skills and to influence an individual’s developmental course.” Comprehensive-sex education teaches contraceptive methods, from condoms to birth control and abstinence. “ [Sex education] encourages students to delay having sex but also teaches them about human development, birth control, pregnancy, STD prevention, intimacy and sexual pleasure”( Williams 112) By understanding the facts, school aged children to high school adolescents are able to make better decisions when it comes to sex and their bodies. These facts are much like the tools a teacher gives his or her students when the student is learning how to write. Students are taught the right way to use commas and periods and then students are left on their own to write a well structured sentence. Comprehensive sexual education embodies similar ideologies; if commas and sentence structure can be taught and used, so can knowledge about condoms and sexually transmitted diseases. Once they have the knowledge and tools they are able to make better decisions.
In contrast, abstinence only programs promote one way; abstinence before marriage is the only sure “way to avoid unwanted pregnancy, STDs, and various emotional problems relation to premature sexual activity”. (Williams 122) The federal definition for abstinence-only programs goes as far as to say the program is meant to teach school-aged children that sexual activity outside the context of marriage is likely to have harmful psychological and physical effects (Williams 124). Abstinence-only supporters are not supporting the growth or understanding of the maturing teenagers, instead they just scaring them, by leaving certain facts on and highlighting the negatives. Klein argues that “They want kids to fear something seductive that leads to shame, pain and a ruined future”. (8) One example of this lack of information comes through a public-school-aired video entitled No Second Chance. A student asks the nurse: “What if I want to have sex before I get married? Her response “I guess you just have to be prepared to die…and take your spouse and one or more of your children with you.” (Williams 118) The video is a discouraging message telling students to stay away from sex because they will die. The message not only threatens death but is misleading in facts. The video does not teach anything of educational value except fear and misconceptions about sex. The information given in the video and other abstinence-only teaching is distorted information that leaves out facts and in the end is not helping students to make educated decisions.
Comprehensive sex education leaves out judgments and makes a point to embrace sexuality and open the doors to knowledge. Dr. Kate Worsley, of Marie Stopes International complains of the “the focus of judgment” in abstinence only programs (O’Keeffe). This may cause students to be unwilling to talk freely or learn facts without feeling guilt or being ashamed of their sexual interests. Thus, students may be afraid to learn about information that could protect them. The Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) believes “emphasis should be placed on informed decision-making about intercourse by acknowledging-not condemning- the broad range of adolescent behaviors.” (Williams 119) SIECUS also stress the fact that if sex-education with age appropriate lessons was taught all through grade school and continued into high school, sexual knowledge could become part of our repertoire. Sexuality would no longer separate from some thing like a shoulder or knee (Williams 119-120). By incorporating sex into every day life, the taboo of sex is removed. Children would no longer feel shame or guilt when they think about themselves as sexual beings. Instead, students would see sex and their sexuality as a natural part of life. The goal of comprehensive sexual education is not only to understand the sexual part of one’s self but to understand that actions their actions have effects. They can take steps to responsible to themselves as well as others.
In comparison, Abstinence-only depends on guilt, fear and misunderstanding as the way to prevent sex. By skewing the information, supporters hope that students will be fearful enough to stay away from “temptation”. The federal definition of abstinence only programs given by Klein states that “if any contraceptive method is discussed, its “failure rate” must be mentioned, not its “success rate” The only exception is the failure rate of abstinence, which is never discussed.” (9) The government’s regulation of what is accepted material, does not give a fair representation of contraceptives. As a result, contraceptives are looked at in a judgmental fashion, and the program sends the message that contraceptives do not work. in consequence, students taught abstinence-only are “one-third less likely then non-pledgers to use contraception when becoming sexually active and they have the same rate as STDs as non pledgers.”(Klein 17) This report implies that students who lack knowledge and who are not being given the proper information have been put in more danger. Therefore, it is very important that all students are given a chance to understand and know their options before they take part in an activity that could have life changing consequences.
There are many arguments for abstinence-only education nevertheless, Forrest claims the only “research that is available currently shows at best mixed outcomes for abstinence-based approaches to sex education, benefiting some young people in the short term but placing them at greater risks later.” Thus, abstinence only education is unsubstantiated. Yet, comprehensive sex-education “research clearly demonstrates that some comprehensive sex education programs can achieve positive behavioral changes among young people and reduce STIs”(Forrest) O’Keeffe gives one example of a “comprehensive sex education curriculum used in New Haven, Connecticut where classes were run by peer trained educators, and without adults present. Within a seven year period teenage pregnancy rates plummeted.” Much to the dismay of abstinence advocates, “sex and HIV education programs do not increase sexual activity, nor do they increase the number of sexual partners.” (Collins 9) This is one main concern for the abstinence-only advocates: the belief that sex education would increase the number of sexual partners, they also believe that “when people are less afraid of sex, they have it more, and people need to understand that their actions have consequences” (Klein 30) However studies have proven they have done the exact opposite. “The programs have actually have been proven to impede the onset of diseases as well as reduce the amount of sexual partners” (Collins 9). Many of the arguments given by abstinence-only supports have been unsupported, and the fact is that; the more education given to students, the greater the chances of them making informed responsible decisions.
In rebuff to the idea that education is beneficial in helping students to understand and make better informed decisions, the abstinence only supporters argue that “giving teenagers access to contraceptives will reduce their fear of pregnancy and STDs enough so they’ll begin to have sex or choose to have more sex.”(Klein 33) The belief that with greater knowledge comes greater abuse is a central theme among most supporters. Abstinence only education is in the interests of the children, shielding them from “hurt, betrayal, anxiety, self-deception, fear, suspicion, anger, confusion and the horror of being use.”(Williams 71) Children are being shielded from all the negative things associated with sexuality. Abstinence teachings have many roots within religious groups, especially Christian faiths, they want to give their children moral values encouraging that “virgin sexuality has extraordinary and unusual power…it is sexuality dedicated to hope, to the future, to marital love, to children and to God.”(Williams 73) Thus, waiting for marriage is the only option, because “A virgin is perfectly unpossessable… it is precisely her unattainably that increases her desirability.” (Williams 73) Being a virgin will increase a woman’s attractiveness and save her from pain. In contrast though, women who have decided to become lesbians “attempted to claim this independence from men…but it is just another, perhaps deeper, rejection of their femaleness, drowning womanhood in a sea of sameness…loses any concept of what makes female feminine.” (Williams 73) Lesbians lose their femininity when they reject men and engage in same sex relations. By preventing children from gaining knowledge, abstinence only educators are protecting their children from pain and making them more desirable to men, while maintaining the religious beliefs at the same time.
Comprehensive sexual education is very important in helping to educate and protect the generations of adolescents now and in the future. By brining sexual education into the class room, sexuality will no longer be taboo, nor will it be feared. Comprehensive sexual education aims at providing the facts needed to make an educated decision as well as understanding the consequences for those decisions.
Works Cited
Collins, Chris, Priya J. Alagiri, and Todd Summers. Abstinence Only Vs.Comprehensive Sex Education:What are the Arguments?What is the Evidence? University of California, San Francisco. San Fancisco: Policy Monograph Series. 1-32. 9 Nov. 2007
Forrest, Simon. "Abstinence, Sex Education and HIV Prevention." Avert. 24 Oct. 2007. 9 Nov. 2007
Klein, Marty. America’s War on Sex: The Attack on Law, Lust and Liberty.Westport: Praeger, 2006.
O’keeffe, Alice. “Teenage Sex: Don’t Scuff at Abstinence: We Pride Ourselves on Our Openness, but We Aren’t Open About the Dangers of Early Sexual Experience: Diseases That Even Condoms Don’t Prevent.” New Statesmen (2003): 26-28.
Shtarkshall, Ronny A., John S. Santelli and Jennifer S. Hirsch. “Sex Education and Sexual Socialization: Roles for Educators and Parents.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 39.2 (2007): 116-129.
Williams, Mary E. ed. Opposing Viewpoints: Sex. California: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
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